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Daily Current Affairs for WBPSC CLERKSHIP

Awards & Honours

  • Wellness Visionary Award: Padma Gurmet, Director of the National Institute of Sowa-Rigpa (Leh), received the Wellness Visionary Award for Holistic Healing at a conference held October 30–November 1.

 

Appointments & Persons in News

  • India’s Nepal Envoy: Sudhakar Dalela (IFS, 1993 batch) assumed charge as India’s Ambassador to Nepal on November 3, succeeding Naveen Srivastava.

 

  • JesÃēs de Miguel Dies: Spanish striker JesÃēs de Miguel Alameda passed away at age 30 following cardiac arrest caused by an on-pitch collision with Andorra goalkeeper JesÃēs Owono.

 

 

 

Government Schemes, Policies & Welfare Initiatives

  • SUVIKALP Tool Launched: The Ministry of Coal launched “SUVIKALP,” a digital decision-support platform developed by the Coal Controller Organisation to identify productive repurposing uses for closed and abandoned coal and lignite mines.

 

  • New Aviation Rules: The government notified the Bharatiya Vayuyan Niyam, 2026, replacing the colonial-era Aircraft Rules, 1937, with effect from January 1, 2027.
  • TRAI Interconnection Regulations: On November 3, TRAI released the Telecommunication Interconnection (Third Amendment) Regulations, 2026 (effective January 1, 2027), shifting telecom interconnection to the Licensed Service Area (LSA) level and mandating migration to IP-based systems within three years.

 

Sports & Games

ISSF World Championships, Doha:

  • India won gold in men’s 50m pistol team event – Ravinder Singh, Saurabh Chaudhary and Amanpreet Singh. Ravinder Singh also won individual silver.
  • India won silver in women’s 10m air rifle team event – Elavenil Valarivan, Sonam Uttam Maskar and Shambhavi Shravan Kshirsagar.

  • Glenn Maxwell Retires: Nicknamed “The Big Show,” Australian all-rounder Glenn Maxwell announced his retirement from international cricket on November 3, concluding a career that spanned 7 Tests, 149 ODIs, and 130 T20Is.

 

 

Science, Space & Technology

  • S&T Scoreboard Launched: On November 3 in New Delhi, NITI Aayog Vice-Chairman Ashok Kumar Lahiri launched the “India S&T Scoreboard,” an interactive platform designed to compare the science and technology performance of States and Union Territories.

 

Summits, Bills & International Affairs

  • IPRD 2026 Begins: Organized by the Indian Navy and National Maritime Foundation, the Indo-Pacific Regional Dialogue (IPRD) 2026 began in New Delhi on November 3 (running November 3–5) on the theme “Science, Technology and Academic Cooperation in the Indo-Pacific“.
  • Public Accounts Committees (PAC) Conference: Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla inaugurated the conference in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.
  • Dates: 3–4 November.
  • Theme: Audit, Accountability and Good Governance – The Evolving Role of the PAC.
  • India–Sri Lanka Maritime Talks: The Indian Coast Guard, led by Paramesh Sivamani, held the 9th High-Level Meeting with Sri Lanka in Mirissa to discuss maritime search and rescue, marine pollution response, and maritime law enforcement.

 

Books, Authors & Important Things about the Day

 

  • Biosphere Reserves Day: Observed on November 3, the UNESCO-proclaimed International Day for Biosphere Reserves focuses on biodiversity conservation and promoting sustainable development worldwide.
  • National Stress Awareness Day: Observed on the first Wednesday of November; in 2026, it falls on 4 November. Focus: stress management and mental well-being.
  • Monograph released: Sea Blindness and Maritime Heritage in India – released during the first day of IPRD 2026.

Banking Affairs

  • RBI Inflation Survey: The Reserve Bank of India launched its November 2026 Inflation Expectations Survey across 19 cities to gauge household inflation projections for the next 3 months and 1 year.
  • RBI Confidence Surveys: The Reserve Bank of India launched the November round of its Consumer Confidence Surveys, covering urban households across 19 cities and rural/semi-urban households across 31 States and Union Territories.
  • RBI VRRR Auction: Announced a ₹50,000-crore overnight Variable Rate Reverse Repo auction for 3 November; reversal scheduled for 4 November.

 

Defence Update

  • Delhi Defence Dialogue 2026: Defence Minister Rajnath Singh addressed its 3rd edition in New Delhi.
  • Theme: Defence Reforms, Aatmanirbharta, Collaborations and Exports.
  • Target by 2029: ₹3 lakh crore defence production and ₹50,000 crore defence exports.
  • Defence production reached approximately ₹1.78 lakh crore in FY 2025–26.
  • Cognitive Warfare Seminar: A two-day seminar organized by CENJOWS and HQ Integrated Defence Staff focusing on cyber warfare, AI, information manipulation, and psychological influence concluded in New Delhi on November 3.

 

Miscellaneous

  • PM Inaugurates Pune Metro Projects: Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated and laid foundation stones for Pune Metro projects worth, including Phase-II and the 23-km Line 3 (Hinjewadi to Shivajinagar), operated entirely by women and powered 30% by solar energy.
  • Arunachal Kiwi Exported: APEDA facilitated a trial export of 1.5 metric tonnes of kiwis from Ziro, Arunachal Pradesh to Dubai, UAE, under the branding initiative “Kiwi: USP of Arunachal Pradesh.

 

 

West Bengal Specific Current Affairs

 

  • Tea Workers’ Relief: West Bengal CM Suvendu Adhikari announced direct bank transfers of ₹5,000 to 19,524 tea garden workers before Diwali (total outlay: ₹9.76 crore), alongside a proposal to raise their monthly rice allocation from 35 kg to 50 kg starting January.

 

Practice Questions

1. Who received the Wellness Visionary Award for Holistic Healing at the conference held from October 30 to November 1?

(A) Dr. Ashok Kumar Lahiri
(B) Dr. Padma Gurmet
(C) Dr. Sudhakar Dalela
(D) Dr. Paramesh Sivamani

Answer: (B) Dr. Padma Gurmet

2. Who assumed charge as India’s Ambassador to Nepal on November 3, 2026?

(A) Naveen Srivastava
(B) Vikram Misri
(C) Sudhakar Dalela
(D) Harsh Vardhan Shringla

Answer: (C) Sudhakar Dalela

3. What is the primary objective of the SUVIKALP digital platform launched by the Ministry of Coal?

(A) To promote coal exports
(B) To monitor coal transportation
(C) To identify productive uses for closed and abandoned coal mines
(D) To provide financial assistance to coal workers

Answer: (C) To identify productive uses for closed and abandoned coal mines

4. Which Indian shooters won gold in the men’s 50m pistol team event at the ISSF World Championships in Doha?

(A) Ravinder Singh, Saurabh Chaudhary and Amanpreet Singh
(B) Manu Bhaker, Saurabh Chaudhary and Elavenil Valarivan
(C) Ravinder Singh, Anish Bhanwala and Vijayveer Sidhu
(D) Saurabh Chaudhary, Abhishek Verma and Anish Bhanwala

Answer: (A) Ravinder Singh, Saurabh Chaudhary and Amanpreet Singh

5. What was the theme of the Indo-Pacific Regional Dialogue (IPRD) 2026?

(A) Maritime Security and Regional Stability
(B) Science, Technology and Academic Cooperation in the Indo-Pacific
(C) Indo-Pacific: Trade and Economic Cooperation
(D) Sustainable Development and Blue Economy

Answer: (B) Science, Technology and Academic Cooperation in the Indo-Pacific

6. On which date is the International Day for Biosphere Reserves observed?

(A) November 1
(B) November 2
(C) November 3
(D) November 5

Answer: (C) November 3

7. What are the targets set by the Ministry of Defence for 2029 regarding defence production and exports?

(A) ₹2 lakh crore production and ₹40,000 crore exports
(B) ₹3 lakh crore production and ₹50,000 crore exports
(C) ₹4 lakh crore production and ₹60,000 crore exports
(D) ₹5 lakh crore production and ₹1 lakh crore exports

Answer: (B) ₹3 lakh crore production and ₹50,000 crore exports

8. Under the tea workers’ relief announcement in West Bengal, how much direct financial assistance was announced for each tea garden worker?

(A) ₹3,000
(B) ₹4,000
(C) ₹5,000
(D) ₹6,000

Answer: (C) ₹5,000

āĻĒ⧁āϰāĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ“ āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽāĻžāύāύāĻž

  • āĻ“āϝāĻŧ⧇āϞāύ⧇āϏ āĻ­āĻŋāĻļāύāĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ: āĻĄāσ āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻŽāĻž āϗ⧁āϰāĻŽā§‡āϤ, āϞ⧇āĻš-āĻāϰ āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāĻļāύāĻžāϞ āχāύāĻ¸ā§āϟāĻŋāϟāĻŋāωāϟ āĻ…āĻĢ āϏ⧋āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž-āϰāĻŋāĻ—āĻĒāĻž-āϰ āĻĄāĻŋāϰ⧇āĻ•ā§āϟāϰ, ā§Šā§Ļ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§‹āĻŦāĻ°â€“ā§§ āύāϭ⧇āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻˇā§āĻ āĻŋāϤ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽā§‡āϞāύ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻ—ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ• āύāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ“āϝāĻŧ⧇āϞāύ⧇āϏ āĻ­āĻŋāĻļāύāĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻĒ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤

 

āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§‹āĻ— āĻ“ āϏāĻ‚āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ


  • āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧇āϰ āύ⧇āĻĒāĻžāϞ āĻĻā§‚āϤ: āϏ⧁āϧāĻžāĻ•āϰ āĻĻāĻžāϞ⧇āϞāĻž (āφāχāĻāĻĢāĻāϏ, ā§§ā§¯ā§¯ā§Š āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϚ) ā§Š āύāϭ⧇āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ āύāĻŦā§€āύ āĻļā§āϰ⧀āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāϞāĻžāĻ­āĻŋāώāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āύ⧇āĻĒāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧇āϰ āϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰāĻĻā§‚āϤ āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻ­āĻžāϰ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤

  • āĻšā§‡āϏ⧁āϏ āĻĻ⧇ āĻŽāĻŋāϗ⧁āϝāĻŧ⧇āϞ⧇āϰ āĻŽā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āϝ⧁: āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāύāĻŋāĻļ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āϰāĻžāχāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻšā§‡āϏ⧁āϏ āĻĻ⧇ āĻŽāĻŋāϗ⧁āϝāĻŧ⧇āϞ āφāϞāĻžāĻŽā§‡āĻĻāĻž āĻŽāĻžāϠ⧇ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‹āϰāĻžāϰ āĻ—ā§‹āϞāĻ•āĻŋāĻĒāĻžāϰ āĻšā§‡āϏ⧁āϏ āĻ“āĻ“āύ⧋āϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ āϏāĻ‚āϘāĻ°ā§āώ⧇āϰ āĻĢāϞ⧇ āĻšā§ƒāĻĻāϰ⧋āϗ⧇ āφāĻ•ā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ ā§Šā§Ļ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻŦāϝāĻŧāϏ⧇ āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻž āϗ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤

 

āϏāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ, āύ⧀āϤāĻŋ āĻ“ āĻ•āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāĻŖāĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ• āωāĻĻā§āϝ⧋āĻ—

  • āϏ⧁āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āϟ⧁āϞ āϚāĻžāϞ⧁: āĻ•āϝāĻŧāϞāĻž āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻ• “āϏ⧁āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ” āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇, āϝāĻž āĻ•āϝāĻŧāϞāĻž āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĄāĻŋāϜāĻŋāϟāĻžāϞ āϏāĻŋāĻĻā§āϧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ-āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ• āĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāϟāĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽ, āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ āĻ“ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϝāĻŧāϞāĻž āĻ“ āϞāĻŋāĻ—āύāĻžāχāϟ āĻ–āύāĻŋāϰ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύāĻļā§€āϞ āĻĒ⧁āύāĻ°ā§āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āωāĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝāĨ¤

 

  • āύāϤ⧁āύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ āϚāϞāĻžāϚāϞ āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻŋ: āϏāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁āϝāĻžāύ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽ, ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ŧ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻĒā§āϤāĻŋ āφāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇ āϜāĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇, āϝāĻž ā§§ āϜāĻžāύ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰāĻŋ, ⧍ā§Ļ⧍⧭ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ•āϰ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ”āĻĒāύāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ• āφāĻŽāϞ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻŋ, ā§§ā§¯ā§Šā§­-āĻāϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āύ⧇āĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
  • āĻŸā§āϰāĻžāχ āφāĻ¨ā§āϤāσāϏāĻ‚āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻžāύ: ā§Š āύāϭ⧇āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ āĻŸā§āϰāĻžāχ āĻŸā§‡āϞāĻŋāϝ⧋āĻ—āĻžāϝ⧋āĻ— āφāĻ¨ā§āϤāσāϏāĻ‚āϝ⧋āĻ— (āϤ⧃āϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻ‚āĻļā§‹āϧāύ⧀) āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻžāύ, ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ŧ (āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ•āϰ ā§§ āϜāĻžāύ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰāĻŋ, ⧍ā§Ļ⧍⧭) āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇, āϝāĻž āĻŸā§‡āϞāĻŋāĻ•āĻŽ āφāĻ¨ā§āϤāσāϏāĻ‚āϝ⧋āĻ—āϕ⧇ āϞāĻžāχāϏ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϏāĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĒā§āϤ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāώ⧇āĻŦāĻž āĻāϞāĻžāĻ•āĻž (LSA) āĻ¸ā§āϤāϰ⧇ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻŋāύ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āφāχāĻĒāĻŋ-āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāϤāĻžāĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ• āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤

 

āĻ•ā§āϰ⧀āĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻ“ āϖ⧇āϞāĻžāϧ⧁āϞāĻž

āφāχāĻāϏāĻāϏāĻāĻĢ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ āĻšā§āϝāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāϝāĻŧāύāĻļāĻŋāĻĒ, āĻĻā§‹āĻšāĻž:

  • āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧁āώāĻĻ⧇āϰ ā§Ģā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāϟāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϤāϞ āĻĻāϞāĻ—āϤ āχāϭ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ āϏ⧋āύāĻž āϜāĻŋāϤ⧇āϛ⧇ – āϰāĻŦā§€āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāϰ āϏāĻŋāĻ‚, āϏ⧌āϰāĻ­ āϚ⧌āϧ⧁āϰ⧀ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŽāύāĻĒā§āϰ⧀āϤ āϏāĻŋāĻ‚āĨ¤ āϰāĻŦā§€āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāϰ āϏāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āχāϭ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ“ āϰ⧁āĻĒā§‹ āϜāĻŋāϤ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤
  • āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ ā§§ā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāϟāĻžāϰ āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϰāĻžāχāĻĢ⧇āϞ āĻĻāϞāĻ—āϤ āχāϭ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ āϰ⧁āĻĒā§‹ āϜāĻŋāϤ⧇āϛ⧇ – āĻāϞāĻžāϭ⧇āύāĻŋāϞ āĻ­āĻžāϞāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāύ, āϏ⧋āύāĻŽ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŽ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦā§€ āĻļā§āϰāĻŦāĻŖ āĻ•ā§āώ⧀āϰāϏāĻžāĻ—āϰāĨ¤

  • āĻ—ā§āϞ⧇āύ āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāĻ•ā§āϏāĻ“āϝāĻŧ⧇āϞ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻŦāϏāϰ: “āĻĻā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ— āĻļā§‹” āĻĄāĻžāĻ•āύāĻžāĻŽā§‡ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāĻŋāϤ āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āϰ⧇āϞ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻ…āϞāϰāĻžāωāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāϰ āĻ—ā§āϞ⧇āύ āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāĻ•ā§āϏāĻ“āϝāĻŧ⧇āϞ ā§Š āύāϭ⧇āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ āφāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻ°ā§āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϕ⧇āϟ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻ…āĻŦāϏāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ˜ā§‹āώāĻŖāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύ, ā§­āϟāĻŋ āĻŸā§‡āĻ¸ā§āϟ, ā§§ā§Ē⧝āϟāĻŋ āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāύāĻĄā§‡ āĻ“ ā§§ā§Šā§ĻāϟāĻŋ āϟāĻŋ⧍ā§Ļāφāχ āϜ⧁āĻĄāĻŧ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧃āϤ āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻĒā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŸā§‡āύ⧇āĨ¤

 

 

āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ, āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ“ āĻĒā§āϰāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ

 

  • āĻāϏ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āϟāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āϕ⧋āϰāĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ āϚāĻžāϞ⧁: ā§Š āύāϭ⧇āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ āύāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āϞāĻŋāϤ⧇ āύ⧀āϤāĻŋ āφāϝāĻŧā§‹āϗ⧇āϰ āĻ­āĻžāχāϏ-āĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰāĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύ āĻ…āĻļā§‹āĻ• āϕ⧁āĻŽāĻžāϰ āϞāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧā§€ “āχāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻāϏ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āϟāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āϕ⧋āϰāĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ” āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύ, āϝāĻž āϰāĻžāĻœā§āϝ āĻ“ āϕ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻļāĻžāϏāĻŋāϤ āĻ…āĻžā§āϚāϞāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ āĻ“ āĻĒā§āϰāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻ•ā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āχāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰāĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āϟāĻŋāĻ­ āĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāϟāĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĨ¤

 

āĻļā§€āĻ°ā§āώ āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽā§‡āϞāύ, āĻŦāĻŋāϞ āĻ“ āφāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻ°ā§āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ

  • āφāχāĻĒāĻŋāφāϰāĻĄāĻŋ ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ŧ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁: āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āύ⧌āĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāύ⧀ āĻ“ āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāĻļāύāĻžāϞ āĻŽā§‡āϰāĻŋāϟāĻžāχāĻŽ āĻĢāĻžāωāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻļāύ āφāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāĻŋāϤ āχāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§‹–āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻĢāĻŋāĻ• āϰāĻŋāϜāĻŋāĻ“āύāĻžāϞ āĻĄāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻžāϞāĻ— (āφāχāĻĒāĻŋāφāϰāĻĄāĻŋ) ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ŧ ā§Š āύāϭ⧇āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ āύāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āϞāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇ (āϚāϞāĻŦ⧇ ā§Šâ€“ā§Ģ āύāϭ⧇āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ), āĻŽā§‚āϞ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ “āχāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§‹–āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻĢāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ, āĻĒā§āϰāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ“ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāĻ—āϤ āϏāĻšāϝ⧋āĻ—āĻŋāϤāĻž“āĨ¤
  • āĻĒāĻžāĻŦāϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āĻžāωāĻ¨ā§āϟāϏ āĻ•āĻŽāĻŋāϟāĻŋ (āĻĒāĻŋāĻāϏāĻŋ) āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽā§‡āϞāύ: āϞ⧋āĻ•āϏāĻ­āĻžāϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ“āĻŽ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāϞāĻž āϕ⧇āϰāϞ⧇āϰ āϤāĻŋāϰ⧁āĻŦāύāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻĒ⧁āϰāĻŽā§‡ āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽā§‡āϞāύ⧇āϰ āωāĻĻā§āĻŦā§‹āϧāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤
  • āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ–: ā§Šâ€“ā§Ē āύāϭ⧇āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰāĨ¤
  • āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ: āύāĻŋāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž, āϜāĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻĻāĻŋāĻšāĻŋāϤāĻž āĻ“ āϏ⧁āĻļāĻžāϏāύ – āĻĒāĻŋāĻāϏāĻŋ-āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύāĻļā§€āϞ āĻ­ā§‚āĻŽāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĨ¤
  • āĻ­āĻžāϰāĻ¤â€“āĻļā§āϰ⧀āϞāĻ™ā§āĻ•āĻž āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻ• āφāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻž: āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āϕ⧋āĻ¸ā§āϟ āĻ—āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ, āĻĒāϰāĻŽā§‡āĻļ āĻļāĻŋāĻŦāĻŽāĻŖāĻŋāϰ āύ⧇āϤ⧃āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ⧇ āĻļā§āϰ⧀āϞāĻ™ā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ ⧝āĻŽ āωāĻšā§āϚ-āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻŦ⧈āĻ āĻ• āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇, āĻŦ⧈āĻ āĻ•āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāϞ: āĻŽāĻŋāϰāĻŋāϏāĻž; āφāϞ⧋āĻšā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ: āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāĻ¨ā§āϧāĻžāύ āĻ“ āωāĻĻā§āϧāĻžāϰ, āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻĻā§‚āώāĻŖ āĻŽā§‹āĻ•āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāϞāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻ• āφāχāύ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āĻ—āĨ¤

 

āĻŦāχ, āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻ• āĻ“ āĻĻāĻŋāύāϟāĻŋāϰ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ

 

  • āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻŽāĻŖā§āĻĄāϞ āϏāĻ‚āϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāϤ āĻ…āĻžā§āϚāϞ āĻĻāĻŋāĻŦāϏ: āĻĒāĻžāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ ā§Š āύāϭ⧇āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ, āχāωāύ⧇āĻ¸ā§āϕ⧋-āĻ˜ā§‹āώāĻŋāϤ āφāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻ°ā§āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻŽāĻŖā§āĻĄāϞ āϏāĻ‚āϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāϤ āĻ…āĻžā§āϚāϞ āĻĻāĻŋāĻŦāϏ āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻŦ⧈āϚāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āϝ āϏāĻ‚āϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāϜ⧁āĻĄāĻŧ⧇ āĻŸā§‡āĻ•āϏāχ āωāĻ¨ā§āύāϝāĻŧāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϏāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧāĨ¤

 

  • āϜāĻžāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻŽāĻžāύāϏāĻŋāĻ• āϚāĻžāĻĒ āϏāĻšā§‡āϤāύāϤāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāĻŦāϏ: āϜāĻžāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻŽāĻžāύāϏāĻŋāĻ• āϚāĻžāĻĒ āϏāĻšā§‡āϤāύāϤāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāĻŦāϏ āύāϭ⧇āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ āĻŽāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦ⧁āϧāĻŦāĻžāϰ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āϝāĻž ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ŧ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ ā§Ē āύāϭ⧇āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ⧇ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇; āĻāϰ āĻŽā§‚āϞ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻšāϞ⧋ āĻŽāĻžāύāϏāĻŋāĻ• āϚāĻžāĻĒ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŽāĻžāύāϏāĻŋāĻ• āϏ⧁āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āϝ āύāĻŋāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻžāĨ¤

 

  • āĻŽāύ⧋āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻĢ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻŋāϤ: āϏāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϞāĻžāχāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāύ⧇āϏ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻŽā§‡āϰāĻŋāϟāĻžāχāĻŽ āĻšā§‡āϰāĻŋāĻŸā§‡āϜ āχāύ āχāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž – āφāχāĻĒāĻŋāφāϰāĻĄāĻŋ ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ŧ-āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāύ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻŋāϤāĨ¤

āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ‚āĻ•āĻŋāĻ‚ āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ

  • āφāϰāĻŦāĻŋāφāχ āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻ¸ā§āĻĢā§€āϤāĻŋ āϏāĻŽā§€āĻ•ā§āώāĻž: āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āϰāĻŋāϜāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ­ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ‚āĻ• āφāĻ—āĻžāĻŽā§€ ā§Š āĻŽāĻžāϏ āĻ“ ā§§ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻ¸ā§āĻĢā§€āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ­āĻžāϏ āĻŽāĻžāĻĒāϤ⧇ ⧧⧝āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻšāϰ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰ āύāϭ⧇āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ŧ-āĻāϰ āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻ¸ā§āĻĢā§€āϤāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻļāĻž āϏāĻŽā§€āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤

 

  • āφāϰāĻŦāĻŋāφāχ āφāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āϏāĻŽā§€āĻ•ā§āώāĻž: āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āϰāĻŋāϜāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ­ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ‚āĻ• āϤāĻžāϰ āĻ­ā§‹āĻ•ā§āϤāĻž āφāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āϏāĻŽā§€āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϰ āύāϭ⧇āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻŦ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇, āϝ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ ⧧⧝āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻšāϰ⧇āϰ āĻļāĻšā§āϰ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ ā§Šā§§āϟāĻŋ āϰāĻžāĻœā§āϝ āĻ“ āϕ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻļāĻžāϏāĻŋāϤ āĻ…āĻžā§āϚāϞ⧇āϰ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽā§€āĻŖ/āφāϧāĻž-āĻļāĻšā§āϰ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϤāĻ°ā§āϭ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĨ¤
  • āφāϰāĻŦāĻŋāφāχ āĻ­āĻŋāφāϰāφāϰāφāϰ āύāĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ: ā§Š āύāϭ⧇āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ ₹ā§Ģā§Ļ,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āϕ⧋āϟāĻŋāϰ āĻ“āĻ­āĻžāϰāύāĻžāχāϟ āϭ⧇āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻŦāϞ āϰ⧇āϟ āϰāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻ°ā§āϏ āϰ⧇āĻĒā§‹ āύāĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ āĻ˜ā§‹āώāĻŖāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇; āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ ā§Ē āύāϭ⧇āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āϧāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤāĨ¤

 

āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻž āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻšāĻžāϞāύāĻžāĻ—āĻžāĻĻ

  • āĻĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āϞāĻŋ āĻĄāĻŋāĻĢ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϏ āĻĄāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻžāϞāĻ— ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ŧ: āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧀ āϰāĻžāϜāύāĻžāĻĨ āϏāĻŋāĻ‚ āύāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āϞāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻāϰ āϤ⧃āϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āϰāϪ⧇ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻŖ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤
  • āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ: āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻž āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ, āφāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ­āϰāϤāĻž, āϏāĻšāϝ⧋āĻ—āĻŋāϤāĻž āĻ“ āϰāĻĒā§āϤāĻžāύāĻŋāĨ¤
  • ⧍ā§Ļ⧍⧝ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ: â‚šā§Š āϞāĻ•ā§āώ āϕ⧋āϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ ₹ā§Ģā§Ļ,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āϕ⧋āϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻž āϰāĻĒā§āϤāĻžāύāĻŋāĨ¤
  • ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ģâ€“ā§¨ā§Ŧ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻŦāĻ°ā§āώ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ â‚šā§§.ā§­ā§Ž āϞāĻ•ā§āώ āϕ⧋āϟāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĒ⧌āρāϛ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤
  • āĻ•āĻ—āύāĻŋāϟāĻŋāĻ­ āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰāĻĢ⧇āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϏ⧇āĻŽāĻŋāύāĻžāϰ: CENJOWS āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāχāϚāĻ•āĻŋāω āχāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻŋāĻ—ā§āϰ⧇āĻŸā§‡āĻĄ āĻĄāĻŋāĻĢ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϏ āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāĻĢ āφāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāĻŋāϤ, āϏāĻžāχāĻŦāĻžāϰ āϝ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ, āĻāφāχ, āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻ•āĻžāϰāϏāĻžāϜāĻŋ āĻ“ āĻŽāύāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§āϰāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇āϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āϕ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰ⧀āĻ­ā§‚āϤ āĻĻ⧁āχ āĻĻāĻŋāύ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏ⧇āĻŽāĻŋāύāĻžāϰ ā§Š āύāϭ⧇āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ āύāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āϞāĻŋāϤ⧇ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻĒā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤

āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāϧ

  • āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύāĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧀ āĻĒ⧁āύ⧇ āĻŽā§‡āĻŸā§āϰ⧋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ⧇āϰ āωāĻĻā§āĻŦā§‹āϧāύ āĻ•āϰāϞ⧇āύ: āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύāĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧀ āύāϰ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽā§‹āĻĻāĻŋ āωāĻĻā§āĻŦā§‹āϧāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋāĻĒā§āϰāĻ¸ā§āϤāϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύ āĻĒ⧁āύ⧇ āĻŽā§‡āĻŸā§āϰ⧋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ⧇āϰ āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ā§āϝ⧇āϰ, āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ ā§¨ā§Š āĻ•āĻŋāĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āϘ āϞāĻžāχāύ ā§Š (āĻšāĻŋāĻžā§āĻœā§‡āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻļāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϜāĻŋāύāĻ—āϰ), āϝāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāϰ⧂āĻĒ⧇ āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāĻžāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ ā§Šā§Ļ% āϏ⧌āϰāĻļāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϚāĻžāϞāĻŋāϤāĨ¤

 

  • āĻ…āϰ⧁āĻŖāĻžāϚāϞ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻŋāωāχ āϰāĻĒā§āϤāĻžāύāĻŋ: APEDA āĻŦā§āĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻŋāĻ‚ āωāĻĻā§āϝ⧋āĻ— “āĻ•āĻŋāωāχ: āĻ…āϰ⧁āĻŖāĻžāϚāϞ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āχāωāĻāϏāĻĒāĻŋ-āϰ āφāĻ“āϤāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ…āϰ⧁āĻŖāĻžāϚāϞ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āϜāĻŋāϰ⧋ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āϏāĻ‚āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āφāϰāĻŦ āφāĻŽāĻŋāϰāĻļāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϰ āĻĻ⧁āĻŦāĻžāχāϝāĻŧ⧇ ā§§.ā§Ģ āĻŽā§‡āĻŸā§āϰāĻŋāĻ• āϟāύ āĻ•āĻŋāωāχāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ• āϰāĻĒā§āϤāĻžāύāĻŋāϰ āϏ⧁āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤

 

āĻĒāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāĻŽāĻŦāĻ™ā§āĻ— āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻ• āϘāϟāύāĻžāĻŦāϞāĻŋ

 

  • āϚāĻž āĻļā§āϰāĻŽāĻŋāĻ•āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻžāĻŖ: āĻĒāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāĻŽāĻŦāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇āϰ āĻŽā§āĻ–ā§āϝāĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧀ āĻļ⧁āϭ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻ˜ā§‹āώāĻŖāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύ, ⧧⧝,ā§Ģ⧍ā§Ē āϜāύ āϚāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻžāύ āĻļā§āϰāĻŽāĻŋāĻ•āϕ⧇ ₹ā§Ģ,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āϏāϰāĻžāϏāϰāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ‚āĻ• āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāϰ āĻĻā§€āĻĒāĻžāĻŦāϞāĻŋāϰ āφāϗ⧇ (āĻŽā§‹āϟ āĻŦā§āϝāϝāĻŧ: â‚šā§¯.ā§­ā§Ŧ āϕ⧋āϟāĻŋ), āĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻŋ āϜāĻžāύ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ• āϚāĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻŦāϰāĻžāĻĻā§āĻĻ ā§Šā§Ģ āϕ⧇āϜāĻŋ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ ā§Ģā§Ļ āϕ⧇āϜāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāύ⧋āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāĻŦāĨ¤

 

āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§€āϞāύ⧀ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ

ā§§. ā§Šā§Ļ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§‹āĻŦāϰ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ ā§§ āύāϭ⧇āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻˇā§āĻ āĻŋāϤ āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽā§‡āϞāύ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻ—ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ• āύāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ“āϝāĻŧ⧇āϞāύ⧇āϏ āĻ­āĻŋāĻļāύāĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ āϕ⧇ āĻĒ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āύ?

(A) āĻĄāσ āĻ…āĻļā§‹āĻ• āϕ⧁āĻŽāĻžāϰ āϞāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧā§€
(B) āĻĄāσ āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻŽāĻž āϗ⧁āϰāĻŽā§‡āϤ
(C) āĻĄāσ āϏ⧁āϧāĻžāĻ•āϰ āĻĻāĻžāϞ⧇āϞāĻž
(D) āĻĄāσ āĻĒāϰāĻŽā§‡āĻļ āĻļāĻŋāĻŦāĻŽāĻŖāĻŋ

āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: (B) āĻĄāσ āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻŽāĻž āϗ⧁āϰāĻŽā§‡āϤ

⧍. ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ŧ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇āϰ ā§Š āύāϭ⧇āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ āϕ⧇ āύ⧇āĻĒāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧇āϰ āϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰāĻĻā§‚āϤ āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻ­āĻžāϰ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύ?

(A) āύāĻŦā§€āύ āĻļā§āϰ⧀āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŦ
(B) āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϰāĻŋ
(C) āϏ⧁āϧāĻžāĻ•āϰ āĻĻāĻžāϞ⧇āϞāĻž
(D) āĻšāĻ°ā§āώ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϧāύ āĻļā§āϰāĻŋāĻ‚āϞāĻž

āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: (C) āϏ⧁āϧāĻžāĻ•āϰ āĻĻāĻžāϞ⧇āϞāĻž

ā§Š. āĻ•āϝāĻŧāϞāĻž āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻ• āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϏ⧁āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āĻĄāĻŋāϜāĻŋāϟāĻžāϞ āĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāϟāĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āωāĻĻā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļā§āϝ āϕ⧀?

(A) āĻ•āϝāĻŧāϞāĻž āϰāĻĒā§āϤāĻžāύāĻŋāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϚāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž
(B) āĻ•āϝāĻŧāϞāĻž āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻšāĻŖ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻŦ⧇āĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž
(C) āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ āĻ“ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϝāĻŧāϞāĻž āĻ–āύāĻŋāϰ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύāĻļā§€āϞ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž
(D) āĻ•āϝāĻŧāϞāĻž āĻļā§āϰāĻŽāĻŋāĻ•āĻĻ⧇āϰ āφāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāϤāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž

āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: (C) āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ āĻ“ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϝāĻŧāϞāĻž āĻ–āύāĻŋāϰ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύāĻļā§€āϞ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž

ā§Ē. āĻĻā§‹āĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧ āφāχāĻāϏāĻāϏāĻāĻĢ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ āĻšā§āϝāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāϝāĻŧāύāĻļāĻŋāĻĒ⧇ āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧁āώāĻĻ⧇āϰ ā§Ģā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāϟāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϤāϞ āĻĻāϞāĻ—āϤ āχāϭ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡ āϕ⧋āύ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻļ⧁āϟāĻžāϰāϰāĻž āϏ⧋āύāĻž āϜāĻŋāϤ⧇āϛ⧇āύ?

(A) āϰāĻŦā§€āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāϰ āϏāĻŋāĻ‚, āϏ⧌āϰāĻ­ āϚ⧌āϧ⧁āϰ⧀ āĻ“ āĻ…āĻŽāύāĻĒā§āϰ⧀āϤ āϏāĻŋāĻ‚
(B) āĻŽāύ⧁ āĻ­āĻžāϕ⧇āϰ, āϏ⧌āϰāĻ­ āϚ⧌āϧ⧁āϰ⧀ āĻ“ āĻāϞāĻžāϭ⧇āύāĻŋāϞ āĻ­āĻžāϞāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāύ
(C) āϰāĻŦā§€āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāϰ āϏāĻŋāĻ‚, āĻ…āύ⧀āĻļ āĻ­āĻžāύāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞāĻž āĻ“ āĻŦāĻŋāϜāϝāĻŧāĻŦā§€āϰ āϏāĻŋāϧ⧁
(D) āϏ⧌āϰāĻ­ āϚ⧌āϧ⧁āϰ⧀, āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāώ⧇āĻ• āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻž āĻ“ āĻ…āύ⧀āĻļ āĻ­āĻžāύāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞāĻž

āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: (A) āϰāĻŦā§€āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāϰ āϏāĻŋāĻ‚, āϏ⧌āϰāĻ­ āϚ⧌āϧ⧁āϰ⧀ āĻ“ āĻ…āĻŽāύāĻĒā§āϰ⧀āϤ āϏāĻŋāĻ‚

ā§Ģ. āχāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§‹–āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻĢāĻŋāĻ• āϰāĻŋāϜāĻŋāĻ“āύāĻžāϞ āĻĄāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻžāϞāĻ— (āφāχāĻĒāĻŋāφāϰāĻĄāĻŋ) ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ŧ–āĻāϰ āĻŽā§‚āϞ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧀ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ?

(A) āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻ• āύāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻž āĻ“ āφāĻžā§āϚāϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĻŋāĻļā§€āϞāϤāĻž
(B) āχāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§‹-āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻĢāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ, āĻĒā§āϰāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ“ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāĻ—āϤ āϏāĻšāϝ⧋āĻ—āĻŋāϤāĻž
(C) āχāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§‹-āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻĢāĻŋāĻ•: āĻŦāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāĻœā§āϝ āĻ“ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāύ⧈āϤāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻšāϝ⧋āĻ—āĻŋāϤāĻž
(D) āĻŸā§‡āĻ•āϏāχ āωāĻ¨ā§āύāϝāĻŧāύ āĻ“ āĻŦā§āϞ⧁ āχāϕ⧋āύāĻŽāĻŋ

āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: (B) āχāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§‹–āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻĢāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ, āĻĒā§āϰāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ“ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāĻ—āϤ āϏāĻšāϝ⧋āĻ—āĻŋāϤāĻž

ā§Ŧ. āφāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻ°ā§āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻŽāĻŖā§āĻĄāϞ āϏāĻ‚āϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāϤ āĻ…āĻžā§āϚāϞ āĻĻāĻŋāĻŦāϏ āϕ⧋āύ āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāϖ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ?

(A) ā§§ āύāϭ⧇āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ
(B) ⧍ āύāϭ⧇āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ
(C) ā§Š āύāϭ⧇āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ
(D) ā§Ģ āύāϭ⧇āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ

āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: (C) ā§Š āύāϭ⧇āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ

ā§­. āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύ āĻ“ āϰāĻĒā§āϤāĻžāύāĻŋ āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ ⧍ā§Ļ⧍⧝ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻ• āϕ⧀ āϕ⧀ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇?

(A) â‚šā§¨ āϞāĻ•ā§āώ āϕ⧋āϟāĻŋ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ ₹ā§Ēā§Ļ,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āϕ⧋āϟāĻŋ āϰāĻĒā§āϤāĻžāύāĻŋ
(B) â‚šā§Š āϞāĻ•ā§āώ āϕ⧋āϟāĻŋ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ ₹ā§Ģā§Ļ,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āϕ⧋āϟāĻŋ āϰāĻĒā§āϤāĻžāύāĻŋ
(C) ₹ā§Ē āϞāĻ•ā§āώ āϕ⧋āϟāĻŋ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ ₹ā§Ŧā§Ļ,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āϕ⧋āϟāĻŋ āϰāĻĒā§āϤāĻžāύāĻŋ
(D) ₹ā§Ģ āϞāĻ•ā§āώ āϕ⧋āϟāĻŋ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ â‚šā§§ āϞāĻ•ā§āώ āϕ⧋āϟāĻŋ āϰāĻĒā§āϤāĻžāύāĻŋ

āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: (B) â‚šā§Š āϞāĻ•ā§āώ āϕ⧋āϟāĻŋ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ ₹ā§Ģā§Ļ,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āϕ⧋āϟāĻŋ āϰāĻĒā§āϤāĻžāύāĻŋ

ā§Ž. āĻĒāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāĻŽāĻŦāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ āϚāĻž āĻļā§āϰāĻŽāĻŋāĻ•āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻžāĻŖ āĻ˜ā§‹āώāĻŖāĻžāϰ āĻ…āϧ⧀āύ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āϚāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻžāύ āĻļā§āϰāĻŽāĻŋāϕ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ•āϤ āϏāϰāĻžāϏāϰāĻŋ āφāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāϤāĻž āĻ˜ā§‹āώāĻŖāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇?

(A) â‚šā§Š,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ
(B) ₹ā§Ē,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ
(C) ₹ā§Ģ,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ
(D) ₹ā§Ŧ,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ

āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: (C) ₹ā§Ģ,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ