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Daily Current Affairs for Clerkship

Awards & Honours

  • UAE Order of Zayed II: Captain Smit Machchhar honoured for saving 174 passengers.
  • UMI Award: NCRTC won Best Passenger Service and Satisfaction for the Delhi–Meerut Namo Bharat corridor and Best Exhibitor.
  • Passed Away: Painter Jogen Chowdhury (87) and Japanese author-filmmaker RyÅĢ Murakami (74).

Science, Space & Technology

  • ISRO NVS-03: Scheduled for launch aboard GSLV-F18 on 30 October 2026; features an indigenous atomic clock and L1 frequency.
  • SpaDeX: India became the fourth country to demonstrate autonomous space docking and power transfer.
  • Space Economy: India targets a US$44 billion space economy by 2033.
  • Astrophysics: Raman Research Institute identified a rare structured accretion disk in Centaurus X-3.
  • New Species: Cyrtodactylus dimensis, a bent-toed gecko, discovered in Assam’s Dima Hasao district.

Summits, Bills & International Affairs

  • International Tourism Mart: 14th edition scheduled in Tawang, Arunachal Pradesh, from 29–31 October 2026.
  • Greece: Parliament passed a social-media ban for children under 15, effective 1 January 2027.
  • Canada–India Trade: Team Canada announced 34 commercial agreements worth approximately US$300 million.
  • ESTIC 2026: Emerging Science, Technology and Innovation Conclave held at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.

Sports & Games:

  • India Wins Four Boxing Medals: At the 2026 World Boxing U19 Championships in Budva, India won four medals, including Aditya’s gold in the men’s 55 kg category, to finish joint seventh with Ukraine.
  • Antonelli Wins US GP: Mercedes driver Kimi Antonelli won the 2026 United States Grand Prix at Austin, securing his ninth victory of the Formula One season.

Books, Authors & Important Days:

  • Animation Day Observed: International Animation Day was observed on 28 October 2026, marking the 25th observance and commemorating Émile Reynaud’s first public screening of projected animated images in 1892.
  • Care Day Observed: The International Day of Care and Support was observed on 29 October 2026 under the theme “Building Sustainable Care and Support Systems through Decent Work.”

Miscellaneous:

  • New Plant Discovered: Researchers Namita Nath and Barnali Das documented Osbeckia assamensis, a new flowering plant species, in Assam’s Manas National Park; the shrub grows 2–2.5 metres tall and bears pink flowers.
  • Giant Waterlily Identified: Scientists formally identified Victoria colombiana, a giant waterlily species from Colombia’s Inírida region, as the fourth recognised species of the genus Victoria.

 

āĻĒ⧁āϰāĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ“ āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽāĻžāύāύāĻž

  • āϏāĻ‚āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āφāϰāĻŦ āφāĻŽāĻŋāϰāĻžāϤ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĄāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻŦ āϜāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻĻ ā§¨ (UAE Order of Zayed II): ā§§ā§­ā§Ē āϜāύ āϝāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ⧀āϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāρāϚāĻžāύ⧋āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāĻĒā§āĻŸā§‡āύ āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻŽāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŋāϤ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤
  • āχāωāĻāĻŽāφāχ āĻĒ⧁āϰāĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ (UMI Award): āĻĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āϞāĻŋ-āĻŽāĻŋāϰāĻžāϟ ‘āύāĻŽā§‹ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ’ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĻĄā§‹āϰ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻāύāϏāĻŋāφāϰāϟāĻŋāϏāĻŋ (NCRTC) ‘āϏ⧇āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ⧀ āϏ⧇āĻŦāĻž āĻ“ āϏāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋ’ (Best Passenger Service and Satisfaction) āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ ‘āϏ⧇āϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāύāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀’ (Best Exhibitor) āĻĒ⧁āϰāĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ āϜāĻŋāϤ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤
  • āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŖ: āϚāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻļāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĒā§€ āϝ⧋āϗ⧇āύ āϚ⧌āϧ⧁āϰ⧀ (ā§Žā§­) āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϜāĻžāĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻ• āĻ“ āϚāϞāĻšā§āϚāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϰ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāϤāĻž āϰāĻŋāω āĻŽā§āϰāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻŽāĻŋ (ā§­ā§Ē) āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧāĻžāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤

āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ, āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ“ āĻĒā§āϰāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ

  • āχāϏāϰ⧋ (ISRO) NVS-03: ā§Šā§Ļ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§‹āĻŦāϰ ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ŧ-āĻ GSLV-F18 āϰāϕ⧇āĻŸā§‡ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻĒāϪ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āϧāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ; āĻāϤ⧇ āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‡āϛ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻļā§€āϝāĻŧ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āϘāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ (atomic clock) āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ L1 āĻĢā§āϰāĻŋāϕ⧋āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϏāĻŋāĨ¤
  • āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāĻĄā§‡āĻ•ā§āϏ (SpaDeX): āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻļāĻžāϏāĻŋāϤ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻĄāĻ•āĻŋāĻ‚ (autonomous space docking) āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāύāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āϚāϤ⧁āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻšāϞ⧋ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤāĨ¤
  • āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāύ⧀āϤāĻŋ: ⧍ā§Ļā§Šā§Š āϏāĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ ā§Ē,ā§Ēā§Ļā§Ļ āϕ⧋āϟāĻŋ (ā§Ēā§Ē āĻŦāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧāύ) āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāύ āĻĄāϞāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāύ⧀āϤāĻŋāϰ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤāĨ¤
  • āĻœā§āϝ⧋āϤāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ: āϰāĻŽāύ āϰāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻ°ā§āϚ āχāύāĻ¸ā§āϟāĻŋāϟāĻŋāωāϟ ‘āϏ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰāĻžāϏ X-3’-āĻ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāϰāϞ āĻ•āĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§‹āĻ—āϤ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāĻļāύ āĻĄāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ• (structured accretion disk) āĻļāύāĻžāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤
  • āύāϤ⧁āύ āĻĒā§āϰāϜāĻžāϤāĻŋ: āφāϏāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻĄāĻŋāĻŽāĻž āĻšāĻžāϏāĻžāĻ“ āĻœā§‡āϞāĻžā§Ÿ āĻŦāĻžāρāĻ•āĻž āφāϙ⧁āϞāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āϗ⧇āϕ⧋ (āϟāĻŋāĻ•āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋ)-āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āύāϤ⧁āύ āĻĒā§āϰāϜāĻžāϤāĻŋ ‘āϏāĻžāχāϰāĻŸā§‹āĻĄā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āϟāĻžāχāϞāĻžāϏ āĻĄāĻŋāĻŽā§‡āύāϏāĻŋāϏ’ (Cyrtodactylus dimensis) āφāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•ā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤

 

āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽā§‡āϞāύ, āĻŦāĻŋāϞ āĻ“ āφāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻ°ā§āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āϘāϟāύāĻžāĻŦāϞ⧀

  • āφāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻ°ā§āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāϟāύ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āϟ (International Tourism Mart): ā§§ā§ĒāϤāĻŽ āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āϰāĻŖ ā§¨ā§¯â€“ā§Šā§§ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§‹āĻŦāϰ ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ŧ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻ…āϰ⧁āĻŖāĻžāϚāϞ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āϤāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ‚-āĻ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻˇā§āĻ āĻŋāϤ āĻšāĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‡āϛ⧇āĨ¤
  • āĻ—ā§āϰāĻŋāϏ: ā§§ā§Ģ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻŽ āĻŦāϝāĻŧāϏ⧀ āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϏ⧋āĻļā§āϝāĻžāϞ āĻŽāĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āύāĻŋāώ⧇āϧāĻžāĻœā§āĻžāĻž āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāϞ āĻĒāĻžāϏ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻŋāϏ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ‚āϏāĻĻ, āϝāĻž ā§§ āϜāĻžāύ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰāĻŋ ⧍ā§Ļ⧍⧭ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ•āϰ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
  • āĻ•āĻžāύāĻžāĻĄāĻž-āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ āĻŦāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāĻœā§āϝ: āϟāĻŋāĻŽ āĻ•āĻžāύāĻžāĻĄāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ ā§Šā§Ļ āϕ⧋āϟāĻŋ (ā§Šā§Ļā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧāύ) āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāύ āĻĄāϞāĻžāϰ āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ā§āϝ⧇āϰ ā§Šā§ĒāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāĻœā§āϝāĻŋāĻ• āϚ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻ˜ā§‹āώāĻŖāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤
  • āĻāϏāϟāĻŋāĻ• ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ŧ (ESTIC 2026): āύāϤ⧁āύ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ āĻŽāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻĒāĻŽā§‡ ‘āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āϜāĻŋāĻ‚ āϏāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϏ, āĻŸā§‡āĻ•āύ⧋āϞāϜāĻŋ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āχāύ⧋āϭ⧇āĻļāύ āĻ•āύāĻ•ā§āϞ⧇āĻ­’ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻˇā§āĻ āĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤

āϖ⧇āϞāĻžāϧ⧁āϞāĻž (Sports & Games)

  • āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ āϚāĻžāϰāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ•ā§āϏāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻĻāĻ• āϜāĻŋāϤ⧇āϛ⧇: āĻŦ⧁āĻĻāĻ­āĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻˇā§āĻ āĻŋāϤ ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ŧ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻĄ āĻŦāĻ•ā§āϏāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ…āύ⧂āĻ°ā§āĻ§ā§āĻŦ-⧧⧝ (U19) āĻšā§āϝāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāϝāĻŧāύāĻļāĻŋāĻĒ⧇ āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧁āώāĻĻ⧇āϰ ā§Ģā§Ģ āϕ⧇āϜāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāϗ⧇ āφāĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻĒāĻĻāĻ•āϏāĻš āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ āĻŽā§‹āϟ āϚāĻžāϰāϟāĻŋ āĻĒāĻĻāĻ• āϜāĻŋāϤ⧇āϛ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āχāωāĻ•ā§āϰ⧇āύ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϝ⧌āĻĨāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϏāĻĒā§āϤāĻŽ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤

  • āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‹āύ⧇āϞāĻŋāϰ āχāωāĻāϏ āϜāĻŋāĻĒāĻŋ (US GP) āϜāϝāĻŧ: āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āϏāĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāϜ āĻĄā§āϰāĻžāχāĻ­āĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻŋāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‹āύāϞ⧇ āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻŋāύ⧇ ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ŧ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāύ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰ āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϏ āϜāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§‡ āϤāĻžāρāϰ āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§āϞāĻž āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāύ āĻŽāϰāĻļ⧁āĻŽā§‡āϰ āύāĻŦāĻŽ āϜāϝāĻŧāϟāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤

āĻŦāχ, āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻ• āĻ“ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻĻāĻŋāύ (Books, Authors & Important Days)

  • āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāύāĻŋāĻŽā§‡āĻļāύ āĻĻāĻŋāĻŦāϏ āωāĻĻāϝāĻžāĻĒāĻŋāϤ: ā§¨ā§ŽāĻļ⧇ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§‹āĻŦāϰ ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ŧ āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāϖ⧇ āφāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻ°ā§āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāύāĻŋāĻŽā§‡āĻļāύ āĻĻāĻŋāĻŦāϏ āωāĻĻāϝāĻžāĻĒāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤ āĻāϟāĻŋ ⧍ā§ĢāϤāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§āώāĻŋāϕ⧀ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ ā§§ā§Žā§¯ā§¨ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻāĻŽāĻŋāϞ āϰ⧇āύāĻ˛ā§āĻĄā§‡āϰ (Émile Reynaud) āĻĒā§āϰāĻœā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻĄ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāύāĻŋāĻŽā§‡āĻŸā§‡āĻĄ āχāĻŽā§‡āĻœā§‡āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦāϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāύ⧀āϕ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
  • āϝāĻ¤ā§āύ āĻĻāĻŋāĻŦāϏ āωāĻĻāϝāĻžāĻĒāĻŋāϤ: “āĻŽāĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻžāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§‡ āĻŸā§‡āĻ•āϏāχ āϝāĻ¤ā§āύ āĻ“ āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāϤāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻ—āĻĄāĻŧ⧇ āϤ⧋āϞāĻž” (Building Sustainable Care and Support Systems through Decent Work) āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻĒāĻžāĻĻā§āϝāϕ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧇ āϰ⧇āϖ⧇ ⧍⧝āĻļ⧇ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§‹āĻŦāϰ ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ŧ āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāϖ⧇ āφāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻ°ā§āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻ• āϝāĻ¤ā§āύ āĻ“ āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāϤāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāĻŦāϏ (International Day of Care and Support) āĻĒāĻžāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤

āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāϧ (Miscellaneous)

  • āύāϤ⧁āύ āωāĻĻā§āĻ­āĻŋāĻĻ⧇āϰ āφāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ: āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻ• āύāĻŽāĻŋāϤāĻž āύāĻžāĻĨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻžāϞ⧀ āĻĻāĻžāϏ āφāϏāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻŽāĻžāύāϏ āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāĻļāύāĻžāϞ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇āϰ āύāϤ⧁āύ āĻĢ⧁āϞ⧇āϰ āωāĻĻā§āĻ­āĻŋāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϜāĻžāϤāĻŋ ‘āĻ“āϏāĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āφāϏāĻžāĻŽā§‡āύāϏāĻŋāϏ’ (Osbeckia assamensis)-āĻāϰ āύāĻĨāĻŋāϭ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύ; āĻāχ āϗ⧁āĻ˛ā§āĻŽ āϜāĻžāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āωāĻĻā§āĻ­āĻŋāĻĻāϟāĻŋ ⧍-⧍.ā§Ģ āĻŽāĻŋāϟāĻžāϰ āϞāĻŽā§āĻŦāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ—ā§‹āϞāĻžāĻĒāĻŋ āĻĢ⧁āϞ āĻĢā§‹āĻŸā§‡āĨ¤
  • āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻžāϞ āϜāϞāĻĒāĻĻā§āĻŽ āĻļāύāĻžāĻ•ā§āϤ: āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ⧀āϰāĻž āĻ•āϞāĻŽā§āĻŦāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āχāύāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻĄāĻž āĻ…āĻžā§āϚāϞ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻžāϞ āϜāϞāĻĒāĻĻā§āĻŽ āĻĒā§āϰāϜāĻžāϤāĻŋ ‘āĻ­āĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻŸā§‹āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻ•āϞāĻŽā§āĻŦāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāύāĻž’ (Victoria colombiana)-āϕ⧇ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻŸā§‹āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻ‚āĻļ⧇āϰ āϚāϤ⧁āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§€āĻ•ā§ƒāϤ āĻĒā§āϰāϜāĻžāϤāĻŋ āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āφāύ⧁āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύāĻŋāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻļāύāĻžāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤